Backgorund of study: Access to reliable electricity remains a major issue in remote, hilly, and island areas where conventional power infrastructure is lacking. These communities often face limited energy options, hindering development and quality of life. Renewable energy, particularly when harnessed in hybrid systems, presents an opportunity for sustainable and decentralized solutions.

Aims and scope of paper: This study develops a solar-wind hybrid system with battery storage to deliver clean, reliable power to off-grid areas, focusing on design, conversion, optimization, and real-time monitoring.

Methods: The system combines solar and wind energy, stabilizes output with boost-buck converters, converts DC to AC via an inverter, uses ESP32 NodeMCU for real-time monitoring through Blynk, and applies MPPT to maximize energy efficiency.

Result: The system successfully delivers a stable power supply in off-grid settings by improving energy harvesting efficiency through the MPPT algorithm. Real-time monitoring enhances user interaction and system management. The combination of solar and wind energy supported by battery storage ensures a continuous and dependable power flow.

Conclusion : The study confirms that the hybrid microgrid system developed is an efficient, scalable, and environmentally sustainable solution for communities with limited electricity access. It also demonstrates the potential of such technologies to reduce reliance on fossil fuels while promoting clean energy adoption in underserved areas.

Backgorund of Study: Copper contamination in water poses serious health and environmental risks. Excessive exposure can lead to critical human health issues and is toxic to aquatic organisms. Existing detection techniques are often expensive and complex, highlighting the need for more accessible, eco-friendly alternatives.

Aims and Scope of Paper: This study explores betanin from beetroot as a low-cost, eco-friendly fluorescence probe for detecting copper ions, highlighting its sensitivity and potential for environmental and biomedical use.

Methods: Beetroot extract was analyzed using UV-Vis, PL, and FTIR spectroscopy to examine changes in betanin’s optical properties in response to different copper ion concentrations.

Result: The fluorescence intensity of betanin decreased as copper ion concentration increased. A linear correlation (R² = 0.792) was observed between copper levels and absorbance, and the sensitivity was calculated at –6.21828 × 10⁻⁴ A.U./ppm, demonstrating betanin's strong potential as a copper ion detector.

Conclusion: The study confirms betanin from beetroot shows strong potential as a low-cost, eco-friendly copper ion detector, supporting sustainable sensing solutions across various fields.

Background of Study: The integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into the power grid is a key step in the transition toward renewable energy. However, challenges such as inconsistent power output, inefficient energy harvesting, and synchronization with the grid limit their effectiveness. Addressing these issues is crucial for reliable and sustainable solar energy utilization.

Aims and Scope of Paper: This study introduces an ANFIS-based MPPT strategy to boost PV efficiency and grid stability, focusing on intelligent control and advanced inverter systems for seamless AC integration.

Methods: The system uses an ANFIS-based MPPT to dynamically adjust the DC-DC converter’s duty cycle, integrates a Switched Quasi-Z-Source Inverter (SQZSI) for voltage boosting and reliability, employs a single-phase VSI with LC filters to produce smooth AC output, and applies a PI controller for grid voltage and frequency synchronization.

Result: The system demonstrated improved energy harvesting efficiency and grid stability. The ANFIS algorithm enabled accurate and rapid tracking of the maximum power point, while the inverter architecture ensured consistent and high-quality power delivery compatible with grid standards.

Coclusion: The combination of ANFIS-based MPPT, SQZSI, and synchronized control provides a reliable and efficient solution for integrating solar energy into the modern power grid. This intelligent, robust system enhances both performance and sustainability in renewable power generation.

Background of Study: The transition to renewable energy is becoming more complex with the emergence of multi-vector energy systems that integrate electricity, heat, gas, and transportation networks. Managing these interconnected systems requires advanced market mechanisms that can handle the variability of renewable sources while ensuring efficient and reliable energy distribution.

Aims and Scope of Paper: This paper evaluates current renewable energy market protocols and proposes a hybrid model to improve grid reliability, flexibility, and efficiency using optimization and game theory.

Methods: The study used optimization and game theory to model energy trading, developed a hybrid market with storage and demand response, and assessed dynamic pricing’s impact on load shifting and prosumer behavior.

Result: Simulation outcomes showed that dynamic pricing schemes encourage prosumers to shift loads, leading to higher energy efficiency, reduced supply restrictions, and improved grid stability. The model also improved cost-effective resource management across interconnected energy systems.

Conclusion: The study shows that a multi-vector hybrid energy market enhances resilience, flexibility, and sustainability, offering key guidance for energy policy development.

Background of study: Kano Metropolis is experiencing rapid urban growth, creating an urgent need for a modern and efficient urban transport system. Among its key corridors, Zaria Road has emerged as a promising candidate for development using a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) model to address the challenges posed by current informal and inefficient transportation modes.

Aims and scope of paper: This study assesses the feasibility of BRT implementation on Zaria Road by examining traffic patterns, passenger flow, and key traffic nodes, leading to infrastructure and design recommendations.

Methods: A mixed-method approach combined field surveys, traffic and passenger counts, questionnaires, and stakeholder interviews with secondary data from recent literature. The analysis used both descriptive and inferential statistics.

Result: Public transport on Zaria Road is largely informal, with 65% of operators unlicensed. Tricycles dominate at 67%, averaging 37,198 daily—far surpassing buses and taxis. Peak hours (5–6 a.m. and 9–10 a.m.) see up to 18,960 passengers, mainly commuting from residential areas to key hubs like motor parks, markets, and hospitals.

Conclusion: Zaria Road's 90-meter right of way and high passenger demand make it well-suited for BRT development. A 15.9 km corridor with 54 proposed stops is recommended, supported by public-private partnerships and tricycle restrictions to ensure success.